1(a) State the difference between accuracy and precision of a measurement. (4 Marks)
(b) What are the operating
principles of LCD display? (6 Marks)
(c) What are half steps in a dot
matrix? Why are they used? (6 Marks)
(d) A 1 mA meter movement with an
internal resistance of 100Ω is to be converted into a 0-100 mA. Calculate the
value of shunt resistance required. (4 Marks)
2(a) What is the use of a chopper
in microvoltmeter? (4 Marks)
(b) Differentiate between a
series tyoe ohmmeter and a shunt type ohmmeter. (6 Marks)
(c) Explain the operating
principle of a ramp type digital voltmeter. (6 Marks)
(d) Calculate the value of the
multiplier resistance on the 50V range of a dc voltmeter, which uses a 200 mA meter movement with an internal
resistance of 100Ω. (4 Marks)
3(a) Explain the operation of a
digital phase meter. (6 Marks)
(b) Why is a delay line used in
the vertical section of an oscilloscope? (4 Marks)
(c) How is magnitude and phase
measured on a CRO for two different waves? (6 Marks)
(d) A CRO is set to a time base
of 0.1ms/cm amplitude. Sketch the display of the pulse signal waveform with a
pulse repetition rate of 2000 Hz and a duty cycle of 25%. (4 Marks)
4(a) Explain the working of a standard sweep
generator with the help of a diagram. (6 Marks)
(b) Explain any one application
of a distortion factor meter. (4 Marks)
(c) How does the use of
microprocessors be useful in bridge circuits? (5 Marks)
(d) The distribution capacitance
was found to be 20 pf by use of a Q meter. The first resonance occurred at
C1=300 pf and f1 was half the second resonance frequency. If L=40mH, determine the value of C2 and f2 at
the second resonance. (5 Marks)
5 (a) How is automatic balance
achieved in a recording instrument? (4 marks)
(b) What is the difference
between active and passive transducers? (4 Marks)
(c) Write notes on infrared
pyrometers and optical pyrometers. (8 Marks)
(d) If the frequency of a signal
to be recorded with a strip-chart recorder is 20 Hz, what must be the chart
speed used to record one complete cycle on 5 mm of recording paper? (4 Marks)
6(a) Explain how a transistor can
be used as a chopper. (6 Marks)
(b) What are the applications of
an instrumentation amplifier? (4 Marks)
(c) What is a Notch filter? How
can twin-T be used as a Notch filter? (5 Marks)
(d) Design a low pass filter with
a cutoff frequency of 1.5 kHz and pass band gain of 3. (5 Marks)
7 (a) How is the frequency
response of an audio amplifier stage measured? (4 Marks)
(b) Why is it necessary to use
preamplification and filtering before data processing? (6 Marks)
(c) With the help of a basic
block diagram, explain the working of a modem. (6 Marks)
(d) How many bits are required in
a binary ladder to achieve a resolution of 1 mV if full scale is +5V? (4 Marks)
8(a) Mention some of the methods
used to improve the dissemination of time and frequency standards. (4 Marks)
(b) What are directional
couplers? How do they function? (6 Marks)
(c) Differentiate between digital
controller and computer supervisory control. (6 Marks)
(d) Explain the working of an
analog I/O module. (4 Marks)
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