Friday, 16 September 2022

 Second Semester - B.Tech. Degree Examination

Engineering Physics

Time: 2 hours                                                                                                  Max. Marks: 50

Note: All the objective questions are compulsory (Part A)

Answer any ONE full question from each module (Part B).

 

Physical constants: Velocity of light, c = 3×108 m/s; h = 6.63×10-34Js; k = 1.38×10-23J/K;

me = 9.1×10-31Kg; e = 1.6×10-19C.

Part A

1. To determine the type of semiconductors, we can use

A) Hall effect              B) Thermionic emission          C) Field emission        D) None of these

 

2. Classical free electron theory was developed by

A) Drude and Lorentz                                                            B) Fermi and Dirac    

C) Bose and Einstein                                                  D) Sommerfeld

 

3. Which one of the following is not a type of fiber?

A) Multimode fiber     B) Graded index fiber                        C) Gaseous fiber         D) Step-index fiber

 

4. Which one of the following is a gas laser?

A) Ruby laser              B) semiconductor laser           C) He-Ne laser            D) Nd:YAG laser

 

5. Specific heat of superconductors undergoes a discontinuous change below

A) Room temperature                                                 B) Boiling point                     

C) Zero Kelvin                                                            D) Transition temperature

 

6. Two opposite poles (north pole and south pole) separated by a distance ‘2l’ constitute a

A) Magnetic dipole     B) Magnetic moment              C) Susceptibility         D) Superconductor

 

7. In a triclinic lattice,

A) a=b=c                     B) a¹b¹c                                 C)  a=b¹c                    D) a¹b=c

 

8. Minimum volume unit cell is called as

A) Zero cell                 B) Primitive cell                      C) Quantum cell          D) Nano cell

 

9. Which one of the following is an interference experiment?

A) Air wedge              B) Newton’s rings                   C) Both A and B        D) None of these

 

10. Which one of the following is not an optical instrument?

A) Grating                   B) Lens                                   C) Telescope               D) Galvanometer

(10×1Mark)

Part B

Module 1

11 (a) What is Fermi energy? Discuss variation of Fermi factor with energy and temperature.                                                                                                                                            (5 Marks)

(b) The Fermi level in the silver is 5.5 eV. Find the velocity of conduction electrons in silver.                                                                                                                                             (3Marks)

OR

12 (a)   What are free electrons? Write down the assumptions of classical free electron theory.                                                                                                                                           (5 Marks)

(b) Calculate the probability of an electron occupying an energy level 0.01 eV above the Fermi level at 100 K in a material.                                                                                              (3 Marks)

 

Module 2

13 (a) Explain Spontaneous emission and stimulated emission.                                 (4 Marks)

(b) An optical fiber has a core material with refractive index 1.55, and its cladding material has a refractive index of 1.50. The light is launched into it in air. Calculate its numerical aperture and the acceptance angle.                                                                                                            (4 Marks)

OR

14 (a) Derive the expression for numerical aperture and acceptance angle of an optical fiber.

                                                                                                                                    (5 Marks)

(b) A medium in thermal equilibrium at temperature 300 K has two energy levels with a wavelength separation of 1 μm. Find the ratio of population densities of the upper and lower levels.                                                                                                                             (3 Marks)

 

Module 3

15 (a) Write a note on classification of magnetic materials. What is coercivity?       (5 Marks)

(b) A magnetic material has a magnetization of 3300 A/m and produces a flux density of 0.00471 wb/m2. Calculate magnetizing force.                                                                              (3 Marks)

OR

16 (a) Explain BCS theory of superconductivity.                                                      (4 Marks)

(b) The critical field of Niobium is 100000 A/m at 8 K and 200000 A/m at 0K. Calculate the transition temperature of the element.                                                                        (4 marks)

 

Module 4

17 (a) What are primitive and non primitive cells? Explain using figures.                 (4 Marks)

(b) Ni has fcc structure with lattice constant 3.52 Å. Calculate the interplanar spacings for (101), (123) and (320) planes.                                                                                                 (4 Marks)

 

OR

18 (a) Calculate the packing factor for simple cubic and face centered cubic structures.                                                                                                                                                      (4 Marks)

(b) The minimum order of Bragg’s reflection occurs at an angle 200 in the plane [212]. Find the wavelength of X-ray if lattice constant is 3.615 Å.                                                  (4 Marks)

 

Module 5

19 (a) What is a zone plate? Compare it with a convex lens.                                     (4 Marks)        

b) What is the radius of the first half period zone in a zone plate behaving like a convex lens of focal length 60 cm for light of wavelength 6000Å?                                                         (4 Marks)

 

OR

20 (a) What is diffraction and interference? Explain the difference between diffraction and interference bands.                                                                                                   (4 Marks)

(b) A soap film of refractive index 1.33 and thickness 1.5×10-4 cm is illuminated by white light incident at an angle of 60o. The light reflected by it is examined by a spectroscope in which is found a dark band corresponding to a wavelength of 5×10-5 cm. Calculate the order of interference of the dark band.                                                                              (4 Marks)

 

Scheme of Evaluation

Part A

1. A) Hall effect         

2. A) Drude and Lorentz                     

3. C) Gaseous fiber

4. C) He-Ne laser

5. D) Transition temperature

6. A) Magnetic dipole

7. B) a¹b¹c

8. B) Primitive cell

9. C) Both A and B

10. D) Galvanometer

 

Part B

11 (a) Fermi energy – 1 Mark

Variation of Fermi factor with energy and temperature – Graph – 1 Mark Explanation – 3 Marks

 

(b) EF =  mvF2   - 1 Mark

vF =     =   - 1 Mark

   = 1.39×106m/s – 1 Mark

 

12(a) Free electrons – 1 Mark             4 Assumptions -4×1 Mark

 

(b) f(E) =  - 1 Mark

   =  - 1Mark

  = 0.239 – 1 Mark

 

13(a) Spontaneous emission – 2 Marks           Stimulated emission – 2Marks

 

(b) Numerical Aperture, NA=  - 1 Mark

                                        =

                                = 0.39 – 1 Mark

Acceptance angle = sin-1(NA) – 1 Mark

                             = sin-1(0.39)

                             = 230 – 1 Mark

 

14 (a) Figure – 1Mark

Derivation of acceptance angle im =  sin-1  – 3 Marks

Numerical aperture  – 1 Mark

 

(b) =  - 1 Mark

   =  - 1 Mark

   = 1.364 ×  – 1 Mark

 

15(a) Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic - 3× 1 Mark     Coercivity-2 marks

 

(b) B = µ0(H+M) – 1 Mark     ⸫ Magnetising force, H =  –M     =  – 3300  - 1 Mark

     = 450 A/m – 1 Mark

 

16(a) Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer – 1 mark

Electron- lattice- electron interaction and explanation – 1 Marks

Cooper pairs and properties – 2 marks

 

(b) ) Hc(T) = Hc(0) [1- ]  - 1 Mark             ⸫ Tc =  - 1 Mark      =  n- 1 Mark

   = 11.3 K – 1 Mark

 

17(a) Primitive cell with figure – 2 Marks                  Non-Primitive cell with figure – 2 Marks

 

(b) dhkl =  - 1 Mark

For (101) planes, dhkl =  = 2.49× m – 1 Mark

For (123) planes, dhkl =  = 9.41× m – 1 Mark

For (320) planes, dhkl =  = 9.76× m – 1 Mark

 

18(a) Simple cubic – 2 Marks             Face centered cubic – 2 Marks

 

(b) dhkl =  - 1 Mark                 d212 =  = 1.205 m – 1 mark

2dsinθ = n𝛌-1 Mark                            𝛌 =  =  = 0.824Å – 1 Mark

 

19(a) Zone plate – 2 Marks

Comparison with convex lens – 2Marks

 

(b) fn =  - 1 mark         = fλ – 1 Mark        = 60×10-2×6000×10-10=36×10-8 – 1 Mark

r1 =6×10-4m – 1 Mark

 

20 (a) Interference – 1 Mark               Diffraction – 2 Marks

Bands – any 2 differences - 2×1 Mark

 

(b) 2 µ t cos r = nλ – 1 Mark                           n=    - 1 Mark  

Substitution – 1 Mark                                     n=6 – 1Mark

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